中世纪英格兰陪审制度
学 生 姓 名:郭婷
申请专业名称:专门史
研 究 方 向 :西欧法律文化与社会转型
指导教师姓名:侯建新教授
提交论文日期:2008年5月
中文摘要
近代陪审制度起源于中世纪的英格兰。然而早在希腊、罗马时代就已经出现过陪审法庭,这样算来陪审制度已有千年历史。而其之所以在英格兰茁壮成长,并逐渐成熟,有诸多因素。本文对英格兰陪审制度进行历史性的梳理,就是希望能够分析说明陪审制度成功运作所需要的社会历史条件,以资借鉴。
文章分为五部分。第一部分论述了国内外学者关于陪审制度的研究状况,及本文写作意图。第二部分讨论了陪审的概念,陪审制度的历史渊源,从希腊、罗马的陪审法庭谈起,直至法兰克王国的邻人宣誓调查团。第三部分论述了关于英格兰陪审制度产生的几种主流学术观点及具体成因,说明从诺曼征服后,英格兰历代国王颁布诸项法令,为陪审制度的实行、推广提供了有力的法律保障。第四部分分析了令状对陪审制度从团体证人向近代起诉陪审团和审判陪审团过度起的重要作用,并具体以庄园法庭为切入点,阐述陪审团在庄园法庭的实践。第五部分对陪审制度进行了历史性评价,通过对陪审员人选条件的规定、渎职或受贿的惩罚及与法官相互制约等措施,保证了司法公正。
关键词:陪审制度;英格兰; 司法公正
Abstract
The modern jury system originates in the Middle
Ages in England. However as early as Greek and Roman times the
jury court had already appeared, so the jury system is to have
more than two thousand history. There are many factors for its
strong growth and maturity in England. This paper hopes through
the analysis of jury system in the middle ages of England, shows
the social historic conditions which the system needs, uses for
reference in the course of China's efforts and achievements in
promoting the Rule of Law.
The main section of the thesis consists of five parts:
Part one begins with a discussion of the research situation of
the jury system by domestic and foreign scholars .Then shows the
intention of this writing.
Part two focuses on the concept of "jury" and the origin
of jury system which from the jury court of Greece and Rome times
until the Sworn Inquest of Frank Kingdom.
Part three pays more attention to a few main academic viewpoints
of the origin for jury system of England and conclude several
specific reasons for it. In addition ,the part offers a detailed
analysis on laws,such as Constitution of Clarendon, Assize of
Northampton and Grand Assize of Windsor,which promulgated by the
kings after the Norman Conquest.These laws offered a powerful
legal guarantee for the execution and development of jury system.
Part four analyses the important function of writs to the jury
system from the group witness to modern prosecution jury and trial
jury. And takes manor courts as breakthrough points concretely,
elaborates the wide practice of jury.
Part five carries on a historic evaluation to the jury system
of England.With the measures of jurors' conditions,the penalty
for dereliction of duty and bribe,keeping in balance with judge's
power and so on,the judicial fair get a guarantee effectively.
Key words: jury system; England; judicial fair
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
目 录 III
第一章 绪 论 1
第一节、国内外学者关于陪审制度的研究概况 1
第二节、本文选题的目的和意义 4
第二章 陪审制度的历史渊源 5
第一节、陪审制度概念界定 5
第二节、希腊雅典的陪审法庭 6
第三节、罗马的陪审法庭 8
第四节、法兰克王国邻人宣誓调查制度 9
第三章 陪审制度在英格兰的产生和确立 11
第一节、关于英格兰陪审制度产生学术界的不同观点 11
第二节、陪审制度在英格兰产生的原因 15
第三节、陪审制度在英格兰的确立 20
第四章 陪审制度在英格兰的广泛实践 28
第一节、令状的使用为陪审制度搭建实践平台 29
第二节、陪审制度在庄园法庭的具体实践 36
第五章 陪审制度——司法公正的“防波堤” 40
第一节、陪审制度告别了荒谬的审判方式 41
第二节、同侪审判原则的运用 41
第三节、相对的权威性 43
结 语 48
主要参考文献 49
后 记 56