克伦威尔的政治理念与实践

 

学 生 姓 名：崔毅

申请专业名称：专门史

研 究 方 向 ：西欧经济生活与社会转型

指导教师姓名：刘景华教授

提交论文日期：2008年5月

 

中文摘要

 

克伦威尔是英国政治历史上一个极为重要的历史人物，他的政治理念对英国革命时期的政治转折有着突出的影响。他的政治思想深受其宗教观点的影响，而有“神意政治”之称，他把所有政治活动的成败看作是履行上帝的某种旨意，他认为他认为所有统治的权力皆来自于上帝，由统治者代表人民实行权力，他认为斯图亚特王朝的统治者背离的人民的意愿，这种观点始终伴随着他参与和领导英国革命的实践之中。他的宗教观点属于清教中的独立派，形式上推行宗教宽容政策，但实质上确是对国教派与天主教派的压制。由于他的统治基础是激进的平等派占多数的军队力量，他的政治决策无可避免的与保守力量出现尖锐的对立，在这种阶级与教派矛盾日益尖锐的情况下，克伦威尔只有建立军事独裁的统治来维持政治的稳定，并建立了“护国主”统治下的“共和国”这一在英国历史上独一无二的政治制度。

 

 

Abstract

 

Oliver Cromwell is a a very important historical figure in British political history , and his political ideas had taken a prominent political influence during the revolutionary period. His political thinking is quite impacted by his religious viewpoint, this fact was called "providentialism" that he regards all political activities of the success or failure as carrying out the will of God.He considered that all the power came from the God, the rulers took power on behalf of the people , he thought the Stuart dynasty rulers departed from the aspirations of the people ,this point of view has always been accompanied by his participation and leadership in the practice of the British revolution. His religious views belonged the pro-independence side of Puritanism .He took form of religious tolerance policy, but in essence it is repression toward Anglican and Catholic . Because of his radical rule is based on army forces which Equal allocation's majority, and his political Policy inevitablely fell acute confrontation with conservative forces. In this circumstances that class and sectarian conflicts become increasingly intense, Cromwell had to establish the rule of military dictatorship to maintain political stability, and the establishment of the "Republic"ruled by "Protector of the country" is unique in British political history. 

目 录

第一章 引言：颇具争议的克伦威尔 1
　第一节　问题提出和文献综述 1
　第二节　克伦威尔的早期经历 3
　第三节　17世纪早期的政治环境 4
第二章 克伦威尔的政治和宗教思想 7
　第一节　关于权力的来源问题 8
　第二节　克伦威尔的宗教政策 12
　第三节　神意主义与神意政治 19
第三章 克伦威尔的政治理想与态度 23
　第一节　内战中的克伦威尔 24
　第二节　关于政府的目的与形式
　第三节　关于王权存续的论辩 32
第四章 克伦威尔与内战后政体的选择 38
　第一节　护国主还是国王？ 39
　第二节 无冠之王 44
结 论 52
参 考 书 目 54