盎格鲁撒克逊时期习惯法研究

学 生 姓 名： 杨国慧           申请学位级别：  硕士     

申请专业名称：专门史                                

研 究 方 向： 西方法律文化与社会转型                                

指导教师姓名： 王亚平            专业技术职称： 教授      

提交论文日期：  2007年4月

中文摘要

英国的盎格鲁撒克逊时代被称为英国政治文明的起源时期。盎格鲁撒克逊人把原始习俗奉为治理国家、维护社会秩序的主要手段。在英格兰的社会实践中，习俗逐渐演变为调整社会关系的习惯法。习惯法口耳相传，有关案件的审理主要依靠回忆祖先的遗教和长者根据回忆所谈的意见为准。由于习惯法内容的不断丰富以及适用范围的扩大，在罗马法的影响下实现了成文化。成文化的习惯法产生于社会中，必然受到社会各种因素的影响，包括宗教因素。本文试图就盎格鲁撒克逊时期的习惯法以及习惯法成文化的历史原因进行浅显的分析，并就成文化的过程进行简要地阐述。在盎格鲁撒克逊时期的习惯法中,宗教占据很重要的地位,对习惯法在中世纪的延续以及向普通法的过渡产生了重要的影响,因此本文在阐述这一时期的习惯法的同时分析了习惯法中的宗教因素。

关键词：英国  盎格鲁撒克逊  习惯法  基督教  宗教因素

Abstract

The Anglo-Saxon ages were called the original period of the British political civilization. The Anglo－Saxon customs were brought into the society with German coming in England, and became gradually the main means of managing kingdoms and maintaining social orders. The customs in England turned into the custom law  which adjusted the social relations gradually by the society practice. The custom law was transferred one by one, and the concerned cases were judged according to mainly recalling the opinions and suggestions of ancestries and elders for precise. Because the contents of the custom law were continuously abundant and the extensions were unceasingly enlarged, the Anglo-Saxon kings compiled the code of laws under the influence of the Roman law. The custom law, one of the cultures in the society, by all means was impressed by various factors in society including the religious factor. This thesis tried to simply explain the custom law, briefly expound the historical reasons and processes of compiling codes of the custom law. Religion played very important role in the custom law in the Anglo－Saxon periods, contributed to the continue of the custom law in the middle ages as well as had the important influence to the transition of the common law. The article elaborated the custom law in this time and analyzed religious factor in the custom law simultaneously.

Key words: England  the Anglo-Saxon  the custom law  Christianity  Religious factor

目   录

前  言

第一章  盎格鲁撒克逊时期法律的主体――习惯法       1

第一节 在盎格鲁撒克逊社会中形成的习惯法  1

第二节　英格兰习惯法的成文化       10

第三节 成文习惯法确立盎格鲁撒克逊的社会等级  14

第二章 盎格鲁撒克逊社会的基督教化     21

第一节 罗马－不列颠时期民众的宗教信仰     21

第二节 盎格鲁撒克逊时期基督教教会     25

第三节 盎格鲁撒克逊社会的宗教意识     29

第三章 盎格鲁撒克逊时期法律中的宗教因素  37

第一节 基督教教义的惩戒作用  37

第二节 中世纪英格兰法律中的宗教因素  40

结 束 语       46

参考文献       48

后　　记       55