试论英国民族国家与民族教会

 

学 生 姓 名：   贺慧霞

申请专业名称：  专门史（经济社会史）                     

研 究 方 向：   西方宗教文化与社会转型            

指导教师姓名：  王亚平教授

提交论文日期：   2006年6月

 

中文摘要

 

民族国家形成时期，英国顺应时代发展的需要进行了宗教改革，建立了民族教会。本文以马克思主义关于民族国家的理论为指导，在借鉴前人研究成果的基础上，对这个时期英国民族教会的建立及其与民族国家的关系作了较为系统的论述。

文章首先分析了民族国家形成时期英国的社会状况。十四、十五世纪，英国的王权更为集权，旧贵族在割据战争中消灭殆尽，新兴的市民阶层逐渐掌握了社会经济发展的方向，形成了民族经济和统一的市场，与此同时，民族意识高涨，教权日益衰落，反教权思想逐渐产生，实行宗教改革已势在必行。从威克里夫最早提出改革教会的主张，到16世纪都铎王朝的一系列改革，最终形成了英国的民族教会，建立了国教安立甘宗，彻底摆脱了罗马教廷的控制，符合民族国家建立的需要。英国民族教会的建立有自己的特点。与其他新教派相比，英国民族教会有统一王权的领导；民族教会在建立过程中与英国民族国家利益相结合；宗教改革的道路较为平稳，建立的英国国教也体现了新旧教的折中与融合。

本文结构分为绪论、三章主体内容和结束语三大部分。第一章论述民族国家形成时期的英国社会；第二章论述通过宗教改革，英国最终建立了民族教会；第三章分析了英国民族教会建立的特点及其原因。

 

 

『关键词』英国  民族国家  民族教会  民族意识

 

Abstract

During the formation of nation state, England conducted Reformation to comply with the request of social development. Under the guidance of Marxist theory on the nation state, this thesis discusses the foundation of British national church and the relations with the nation state of this period more systematically on the basis of  formal studies.

The thesis analyses the social situations in England during the formative years of nation States at first. In the 14th and 15th century, the king of England became more centralized, the old aristocrats had died out during their civil wars. The new citizens were stronger than before and mastered the socio-economic developing direction gradually. At the same time, national consciousness was on the upsurge, the church declined and resulted in the thoughts of anti-clericalism. In this circumstance, the Reformation broke out. At the earlier time, John Wycliffe put forward the opinion of reforming the church. During the 16th century, Tudor Dynasty made a series of reformative policies, and produced the national church in England finally. The foundation of Anglican made English church break away from Rome papacy. All of this accord with the request of the nation state. British national church formed its own characteristics. Comparing with Protestants in other western countries, England has the powerful king as a leader; The foundation of English national church is combined with the interests of the nation state; The Reformation is steady in some degree. And the national church is the compromise between the old religion and the new one. 

The thesis is mainly divided into three parts: Introduction、three chapters and last words. The first chapter discusses British society during the formative years of nation States: the centralized royalty, forming a unified market, the stronger citizens and  changes of religious ideas all contribute to the formation of the nation-state; The second chapter discusses the eventual establishment of British national church through Reformation; Chapter III analyses the characteristics of the British national church and its causes.

 

Key word：England  Nation-state  National Church  National Consciousness

 

目  录

 

中文摘要……………………………………………………………I

英文摘要……………………………………………………………II

绪论………………………………………………………………………1

第一章  民族国家形成时期的英国社会………………………………6

第一节  民族国家形成时期的英国社会状况………………………6

第二节  社会宗教意识的演变 ……………………………………14

第二章  英国民族教会的建立 ………………………………………22

第一节  威克里夫改革——英国教会改革的早期尝试 …………22

第二节  英国民族教会最终确立的宗教改革 ……………………26

第三章  英国民族教会建立的特点………………………………… 32

第一节  统一王权的领导………………………………………… 32

第二节  与民族国家利益相结合………………………………… 34

第三节  新旧教的折中与融合…………………………………… 37

结束语………………………………………………………………… 44

参考书目……………………………………………………………… 47