中世纪中前期英国的法律与王权
学 生 姓
名: 陈太宝
申请专业名称:专门史
研 究 方 向: 欧洲经济-社会史
指导教师姓名:侯建新教授
提交论文日期:2006年4月
中 文 摘 要
本文主要从法律的角度,分析了中世纪中前期英国王权的情况。中世纪中前期英国多元化的法律传统,构成了王权兴起的法律政治环境。在这样的环境下,英国王权从盎格鲁-撒克逊“蛮族”王权发展起来,经过诺曼征服,到诺曼王朝基本确立,并且在政治制度方面多有创制。由此,王权权威也不断强化。不过,中世纪中前期的英国王权不论多么强大,始终受到来自法律传统、政治制度等多方面的制约和限制,最终没能脱离“王在法下”的法律政治传统。文章主要分为五部分。
第一部分为研究综述与导论。主要介绍了中外学术界有关王权问题的研究成果。并在总结前人的基础上提出了自己的研究方向。
第二部分主要分析了中世纪中前期英国法律的来源以及多元的法律传统特征。中世纪英格兰的法律具有不同的来源,其中主要有日耳曼因素、基督教因素和罗马因素。英国的法律主要是遵循惯例原则的习惯法,在法律结构和体制上体现为多元化特点,而内部则蕴含着对主体权利的保护。这是王权兴起的法律政治环境,也是“王在法下”观念形成的基础。
第三部分主要介绍了中世纪中前期英国王权的兴起及其政治制度建设的情况。英国王权在日耳曼“蛮族”王权的基础上发展起来,经过基督教神权政治的帮助,王权权威逐步建立。王权在中央和地方统治的政治制度也得到了初步发展。
第四部分主要分析了王权的“合法性”问题。血统权利、选举原则和国王涂油加冕典礼,这三者共同作用,确立了王权的“合法性”。
第五部分主要探讨了“王在法下”的观点。从英国王权兴起的法律环境、政治环境以及王权的“合法性”来看,“王在法下”都是一个确立的原则。历史事实也证明了这一点。
【关键词】中世纪,英国,王权,法律传统。
Abstract
This thesis analyzes the
kingship of England
during the historical period from Anglo-Saxon to Norman dynasty from the
viewpoint of law tradition. During the period, the law tradition provides the
foundation for the rise of the medieval kingship of England. The kingship of England sprung
up from Anglo-Saxon “barbarian” kingship, and was strengthened during the
Norman period step by step. Nevertheless, whatever powerful the kingship of England is, it
is restricted by the law tradition and political institutions at all times. And
“king is under the law” is the legal and political tradition in Medieval England. This dissertation consists of five principle parts.
Chapter one is the summary
and introduction of the previous research. On the basis of former researches, I
put forward my idea of this thesis.
Chapter
two mainly analyzes the three sources and the essence of England law
tradition. The law tradition of England
consists of three elements: Germanic factor, Christianity factor and Roman
factor. The law of England
mainly features of custom which follows the principle of old law, and it
presents characters of multiplicity structurally. In essence, the law tradition
protects the subjective rights.
Chapter
three mainly describes the rise of the kingship of England in the early middle ages,
and inquires into the establishment of political institutions of governance. The
kingship of England
develops on the basis of Germanic “barbarian” kingship under the help of Christianity
theocracy, and authority of the kings is build up. The research also expounds
the early development of the political institutions of both central government
and local government.
Chapter
four mainly inspects the legitimacy of kingship. These three factors— kin-right, principle of
select and consecration of the monarch—establish the legitimacy of the
kingship together.
Chapter
five manly discusses the viewpoint of “king is under the law”. This conclusion
is supported by both the theory and the practice.
【Keyword】medieval,
England, kingship, law tradition.
目 录
前 言 1
第一章 研究综述与导论 2
第二章 中世纪中前期的英国法律 8
2.1
法律的来源 8
2.2
多元法律体系的法律传统 15
第三章 中世纪中前期英国王权的兴起 19
3.1
英国王权的兴起 19
3.2
王国政治制度的发展 21
第四章 英国王权的“合法性” 26
4.1
血统权利 26
4.2
选举原则 28
4.3
国王涂油加冕典礼 28
第五章 英国王权与法律的关系 32
结 语 38
参考文献 39
后 记 44