硕士学位论文

倪正春

论文题目：18-19世纪英国议会圈地研究

指导教师：侯建新 教 授

答辩时间：2005年6月

论 文 摘 要

中文摘要
　　本文对18、19世纪英国议会圈地运动作了一个较为系统的介绍。本文的特点是借鉴西方的研究成果，对以前一些已经确立的观点进行了更为深入的分析，试图达到还原史实的目的。文章分为绪论和五章主体内容。
　　绪论首先对议会圈地的学术史进行了简单的回顾，之后说明了本文的研究范围。
　　第一章介绍了议会圈地的原因。首先对英国前资本主义时期最主要的农业生产组织形式——敞田制作了介绍，说明大规模的议会圈地之前英国敞田制的实质已经发生改变。议会圈地的原因不单纯是敞田制的弊端，而是一系列综合因素，如价格、货币供应量、人口压力、租金、折算十一税等在一段时间内综合作用的结果。最终是市场因素对议会圈地起了决定作用。
　　第二章详细介绍了议会圈地的程序、方式和进程。认为议会圈地方式体现出公开性与法制化的特点。
　　第三章论述了议会圈地遇到的抵制，包括抵制圈地的阶层和抵制圈地的方式。得出结论，不论是大土地所有者，中等土地所有者还是小土地所有者都有可能反对圈地。坚决抵制圈地的只有农村社会的最底层。
　　第四章对15、16世纪圈地和议会圈地的圈围、面积以及圈地之后土地的处置方式进行了比较。得出结论：议会圈地的规模要远远大于15、16世纪的圈地，但后者是一次土地集中的过程，而议会圈地是根据法定的权利对现有的土地进行重新分配。
　　第五章探讨了议会圈地产生的影响。指出，议会圈地对英国的社会结构和经济发展都产生了一定的影响。

关键词 　英国 议会圈地

Abstract

　This thesis studies English Parliamentary enclosure systematically. The characteristic of it is analyzing established notion to a deeper degree on the basis of western studies. The aim of it is to find out the true history. The thesis is divided into six parts: introduction and five chapters.
　The introduction looks back the history of the studies of parliamentary enclosure and makes a summary. Then it points out the study scope of the thesis.
　The first chapter attempt to answer a question, that is, why was there so much parliamentary enclosure between about 1760 and about 1815? It introduces the open field system-the most important farming system during pre- capitalistic times, and points out that the nature of open field system had changed before full-scale parliamentary enclosure. Then it establishes the possible determinants of enclosure. Price, money supply, population, rents and commutation of tithes will all be offered separately or in association with one another as possible determinants.
　The second chapter introduces the process, method and course of parliamentary enclosure. It thinks parliamentary enclosure is open and legal.
　The third chapter discusses the opposition encountered by parliamentary enclosure, including the class of opposition and the ways of opposition. It concludes by saying that not only lesser landowner and small landowner but also large landowner is likely to oppose parliamentary. The poorest if the most determined to oppose.
　The forth chapter compares the parliamentary enclosure with the enclosure took place in fifteenth and sixteenth century. It concludes that the size of parliamentary enclosure in far greater than the former enclosure. The difference is parliamentary enclosure is the re-allotment of land. Whereas the former enclosure is the amalgamation of land.
　The fifth chapter investigates the influence of parliamentary enclosure. The conclusion is that parliamentary enclosure had effect on the social structure and economic development of England to some extent.

Keyword　England　Parliamentary Enclosure

目录

前 言
绪 论
　一、学术史回顾
　二、研究范围
第一章 议会圈地的原因
　一、 敞田制的变迁
　二、 议会圈地的原因
第二章 议会圈地的程序、方式与进程
　一、 程序
　二、 方式
　三、 进程
第三章 议会圈地遇到的抵制
　一、 抵制圈地的阶层
　二、 抵制圈地的方式
第四章 议会圈地与前期圈地（15、16世纪）成果比较
　一、 前期圈地的成果
　二、 议会圈地的成果
第五章 议会圈地的影响
　一、 社会影响：议会圈地与农民
　二、 经济影响：圈地和土地产出率
结 语
参考资料
后 记

　[经济-社会史评论网首发] 2005年8月1日