硕士学位论文

杨松涛

论文题目：14--18世纪英国的犯罪与地方社会秩序

指导教师：侯建新教授

答辩时间：2004年6月

论文摘要：

中 文 摘 要
本文主要探讨了英国14-18世纪的犯罪与地方社会秩序问题，努力分析出英国在这一时期是否抵御住了犯罪的过度增长，保持住社会的相对安定。全文分为四章。
第一章首先介绍了近三十年来西方学者对英国早期犯罪史的研究概况，重点考察了他们所依据的材料，所使用的研究方法及他们在研究中所提出的一些重要理论问题。应该说，犯罪史作为刚起步发展的学科领域在这三十年里发展还是相当迅速的，但仍然有许多重要的问题需待解决。最后，笔者在西方学者的研究成果之上提出自己所要探讨的问题，即探讨社会转型时期英国的犯罪状况及国家地方执法人员对犯罪的治理情况，从而对英国治理犯罪的成果做一个初步的判断。
第二章介绍了14--15世纪英国的犯罪状况。此一时期，英国总体上还是一个乡村社会，其犯罪特征表现了乡村社会中的一些特色。由于材料的限制，笔者主要从对重罪的分析中入手。后一节笔者从性别、年龄、职业和社会阶层等角度介绍了罪犯和受害人的社会特征。
第三章介绍了16--18世纪英国的犯罪状况。此一时期，英国的社会发生了剧烈的变化，它的犯罪问题才真正凸显出来。此一时期英国犯罪表现出的最大特点是犯罪从乡村向城市及周围地区的转移，尤其是侵犯财产的犯罪。同时这时期在团伙犯罪、女性犯罪等方面也显示出了不同以往的新的情况。在最后一节，笔者介绍了颇为独特的英国学者界定的社会性犯罪的状况。
第四章分别介绍了教区警官和郡上的治安法官的治理犯罪的状况。由于他们都是出身地方的得力人士，对地方上的情况充分了解，在办案时能够灵活处理问题，赢得了广大民众的支持和参与，从而有力地抑制了犯罪，取得了治理犯罪的成功。
最后，通过前面的叙述，笔者有充分的理由认定，14-18世纪虽然英国的犯罪问题比较严重，但因为地方刑事司法人员的有效治理，做到司法与民众紧密联系，从而度过了这一难关，抵御住了犯罪的过度增长，为其社会转型提供了相对安定的社会环境。
关键词 ： 中世纪晚期及近代早期 英国 犯罪 社会秩序 社会转型 地方 刑事司法

Abstract

This thesis inquiried into the problem of the relationship between crime and the local order in 14th--18th century England .I want to know whether England resisted the increase of criminality and kept the social stability.This dissertation consists of four chapter .
Chapter one .first , I introduce the general situation that western scholars studying of the crime history of England from recent 30 years ,including the material and the method they used , some important theories problem they put forward .This field develop very rapidly , but there are many problems wait to answer .Finally, I put forward a problem that I will study . That is in a transformational society , how it crime became , how it local officials to reply for it .I want to answer whether the management to crime was successful.
Chapter 2 introduced the situation of crime in 14th--15th century .In this period , England is a rural society as of whole ,the character of it crime was consistent with the rural society . Because of the restrict of the material, I commence the analysis of felony mainly.I also analysis the social character of offender and victim.
Chapter 3 introduced the situation of crime in 16th--17th century . In this period , great movement happened , crime became a serious social problem .The biggest charactertics is there is transition of crime of from countryside to city , particularly the property offenses.There also are new character in organization of crime and crime of female .Finally, I introduced the social crime that of a special form
England scholar definition.
Chapter 4 introduced how petty constable and justice of the peace enforced the law . Because they were local people who hadmore wealth and ability, knowing the local situation fully, handling the problem flexibly, won large civil to participate their work , they succeeded in supervise crime .
Finally , I believe although the problem of crime in the period of transformation was serious , because of the effective supervise and its close contact of justice and public ,it had a relatively stable circumstance.

Key word: late medieval and early modern England crime social order transformational society local criminal justice

　[经济-社会史评论网首发] 2004年7月25日